I think for many Westerners or Europeans it is still hard to understand the self-immolations of Tibetans. Someone asked a Tibetan Rinpoche, Ringu Tulku. His answer was*:
There is a discussion about whether the self-immolations are Buddhist or not Buddhist, if they are according to Buddhist principles or not. But this, I think, is not the issue here. These are protests. These are protests and they are not based on hatred. No Tibetan who self-immolated himself or herself has ever said something negative about China, like “down with China” – as one might expect – instead of doing this all of them asked for freedom and the return of the Dalai Lama. If the protests were based on hatred they would say something negative about China, but they didn’t do this. Buddhism doesn’t promise something good if someone self-immolates. Unlike other religions one doesn’t become a martyr nor are there virgins waiting in the heaven for someone who does this. No higher birth is promised. Rather Buddhism teaches that one has to experience this [rather traumatic] experience again and again. But Tibetans do these protests besides this. It is their despair. They think it is better to die than being captured during the protests and being tortured slowly to death after having been arrested. Westerners don’t understand it. Tibetans have too much faith in Western democracy. They have too much faith or expectations that Westerners will take their protests seriously and will help them, e.g. by urging China to change their policies against Tibetans.
Then a person asked: But Westerners don’t stand up for Tibetans, they say it is aggression against themselves and they have even less compassion for Tibetans.
I heard this but I cannot understand the logic behind this. Why should I have less compassion if someone self-immolates? I cannot understand this logic.
*Summarized from notes I made. All faults in the English are mine. Rinpoche’s English is excellent.
There is an appeal to Vice-President Xi Jinping from the International Tibetan Studies Community: http://www.petitions24.net/an_appeal_to_president_xi_jinping_from_the_tibetologist_community signed by the following scholars: http://www.rangzen.net/2012/12/07/an-appeal-to-vice-president-xi-jinping-from-the-international-tibetan-studies-community/
Also a greater amount of scholarly papers are available from the Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines:
- Full text (7.8 MB)
- Cover, contents (473 kb, pp. i-x)
- Self-Immolation in Tibet: Some Reflections on an Unfolding History (1.9 MB, pp. 1-17)
author: Katia Buffetrille - Self Immolation, the Changing Language of Protest in Tibet (539 kb, pp. 19-40)
author: Tsering Shakya - Political Self-Immolation in Tibet: Causes and Influences (513 kb, pp. 41-64)
author: Robert Barnett - Kīrti Monastery of Ngawa: Its History and Recent Situation (819 kb, pp. 65-80)
author: Daniel Berounský - Chinese Policy Towards Tibet versus Tibetan Expectations for Tibet: A Divergence Marked by Self-Immolations (1.2 MB, pp. 81-87)
author: Fabienne Jagou - Conversations and Debates: Chinese and Tibetan Engagement with the Broader Discussion of Self-Immolation in Tibet (482 kb, pp. 89-97)
author: Elliot Sperling - Online Articles on Self-immolation by Tibetans in Exile — A Brief Survey (182 kb, pp. 99-104)
author: Chung Tsering - bTsan byol bod mi’i drwa thog bod yig dpyad rtsom nas rang lus mer bsregs la blta ba (1.9 MB, pp. 105-112)
author: Chung Tshe ring - The Flames of Poetry Spreading – From the Fire of Heroes (1.9 MB, pp. 113-122)
author: Noyontsang Lhamokyab - Fire, Flames and Ashes. How Tibetan Poets Talk about Self-Immolations without Talking about Them (344 kb, pp. 123-131)
author: Françoise Robin - Fire and Death in Western Imagination (228 kb, pp. 133-141)
author: Michel Vovelle - Self-Immolation in Context, 1963-2012 (781 kb, pp. 143-150)
author: Michael Biggs - Immolation in a Global Muslim Society Revolt against Authority — Transgression of Strict Religious Laws (248 kb, pp. 151-157)
author: Dominique Avon - Self-Immolations by Kurdish Activists in Turkey and Europe (254 kb, pp. 159-168)
author: Olivier Grojean - The Arab Revolutions and Self-Immolation (252 kb, pp. 169-179)
author: Farhad Khosrokhavar - Self-Immolation by Fire versus Legitimate Violence in the Hindu Context (245 kb, pp. 181-189)
author: Marie Lecomte-Tilouine - Immolations in Japan (322 kb, pp. 191-201)
author: François Macé - Multiple Meanings of Buddhist Self-Immolation in China — A Historical Perspective (237 kb, pp. 203-212)
author: James A. Benn
The Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy (TCHRD) released a short documentary film on Tibetan immolations, “Beyond the Numbers: A Human Perspective on Tibet’s Self-immolation”:
See also
- Rite of Freedom: The Life and Sacrifice of Thupten Ngodup by Jamyang Norbu
- The Burning Question: Why are Tibetans Turning to Self-immolation? 2012/11/10
Update March 09, 2013
- SELF-IMMOLATION AS PROTEST IN TIBET – Guest Editors: Carole McGranahan (University of Colorado) and Ralph Litzinger (Duke University)
- A large compendium of background material and commentary – provided by the Cultural Anthropology Journal